0000950170-24-123248 | 10-Q | XBRL Viewer

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value are performed in a manner to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the market date for identical unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs for which all significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets measured at fair value at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (a)	$	12,714,544	$	—	$	—	$	12,714,544
U.S. government agency securities (b)		44,624,170		—		—		44,624,170
Reverse repurchase agreements (c)		—		40,000,000		—		40,000,000
Total assets at fair value	$	57,338,714	$	40,000,000	$	—	$	97,338,714


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (a)	$	14,312,565	$	—	$	—	$	14,312,565
Total assets at fair value	$	14,312,565	$	—	$	—	$	14,312,565

Money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets, are valued at quoted market prices in active markets.

U.S. government agency securities are valued based on observable market prices in active markets.

Reverse repurchase agreements are recorded at fair market value, which is determined based on the most recent observable inputs for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or are directly or indirectly observable.

There were no liabilities measured at fair value at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Financial instruments including clinical trial prepayments to contract research organizations and accounts payable are carried in the condensed consolidated financial statements at amounts that approximate their fair value based on the short maturities of those instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s term loan under the Hercules Credit Facility (as defined in Note 9) approximates market rates currently available to the Company.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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+ Details

Significant Agreements	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Significant Agreements	15. SIGNIFICANT AGREEMENTS AbbVie Option Agreement On October 31, 2023 (the Option Agreement Effective Date), the Company entered into an exclusive option agreement (the Option Agreement) with AbbVie Inc. (AbbVie), pursuant to which the Company granted AbbVie an exclusive option (the Option) to obtain (a) a co-exclusive license in the United States to facilitate a collaboration with the Company to develop, manufacture, and commercialize reproxalap in the United States, (b) an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize reproxalap outside the United States, (c) a right of first negotiation for compounds that are owned or otherwise controlled by the Company in the field of ophthalmology relating to treating conditions of the ocular surface, and (d) a right to review data for any other compounds that are owned or otherwise controlled by the Company in the fields of ophthalmology and immunology before such data is shared with any other third party (the Collaboration Agreement). AbbVie has paid the Company a non-refundable payment of $1 million in consideration of the Option (the Option Payment). On December 21, 2023, pursuant to the Option Agreement, AbbVie extended the period during which it may exercise the Option (the Exercise Period Extension) by paying the Company a non-refundable payment of $5 million (the Option Extension Fee). As a result of the Exercise Period Extension, AbbVie may exercise the Option by delivering written notice to the Company at any time during the period following the Option Agreement Effective Date until the earlier of (a) the tenth (10th) business day after the date, if any, that the Company receives approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of the NDA for reproxalap in dry eye disease (the FDA Decision) and (b) the date that is eighteen (18) months after the Option Agreement Effective Date. If the Collaboration Agreement is entered into, the Option Payment and the Option Extension Fee will be credited against the upfront cash payment payable by AbbVie. Upon AbbVie’s delivery of the agreement execution notice and the parties entering into the Collaboration Agreement, AbbVie would pay the Company a $100 million upfront cash payment, less the Option Payment and the Option Extension Fee. In addition, the Company would be eligible to receive up to approximately $300 million in regulatory and commercial milestone payments, inclusive of a $100 million milestone payment payable if the FDA Decision is received prior to or after the execution. In the United States, the Company would share profits and losses with AbbVie from the commercialization of reproxalap according to a split of 60% for AbbVie and 40% for the Company. Outside of the United States, the Company would be eligible to receive tiered royalties on net sales of reproxalap. As of November 7, 2024, AbbVie has not exercised the Option. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had recognized no collaboration revenue and had $6.0 million of deferred long-term collaboration revenue related to the Option Agreement and Exercise Period Extension. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the deferred collaboration revenue was reclassified from a long-term liability to a current liability due to the Option expiring pursuant to the terms of the Option Agreement in less than one year. Although the Option Agreement was not considered to be a vendor-customer relationship, the Company used FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to conclude that the $6.0 million liability would be considered a transaction price (the Transaction Price), and all other amounts due to the Company under the Collaboration Agreement would be excluded from the Transaction Price, since such amounts relate to fees that can only be achieved subsequent to the exercise of the Option. Because the Option Extension Fee and the Option Payment are creditable against the Collaboration Agreement payments due to the Company, the Transaction Price was allocated to a single unit of account, specifically, the option to enter into a future collaboration agreement which is considered a material right. The Company concluded that all other performance obligations were immaterial promises in the context of the Option Agreement and did not represent additional units of account. The Company will begin to recognize revenue if and when the Option is exercised or when the Option expires.

Significant Agreements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Significant Agreements

15.

SIGNIFICANT AGREEMENTS

AbbVie Option Agreement

On October 31, 2023 (the Option Agreement Effective Date), the Company entered into an exclusive option agreement (the Option Agreement) with AbbVie Inc. (AbbVie), pursuant to which the Company granted AbbVie an exclusive option (the Option) to obtain (a) a co-exclusive license in the United States to facilitate a collaboration with the Company to develop, manufacture, and commercialize reproxalap in the United States, (b) an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize reproxalap outside the United States, (c) a right of first negotiation for compounds that are owned or otherwise controlled by the Company in the field of ophthalmology relating to treating conditions of the ocular surface, and (d) a right to review data for any other compounds that are owned or otherwise controlled by the Company in the fields of ophthalmology and immunology before such data is shared with any other third party (the Collaboration Agreement). AbbVie has paid the Company a non-refundable payment of $1 million in consideration of the Option (the Option Payment).

On December 21, 2023, pursuant to the Option Agreement, AbbVie extended the period during which it may exercise the Option (the Exercise Period Extension) by paying the Company a non-refundable payment of $5 million (the Option Extension Fee). As a result of the Exercise Period Extension, AbbVie may exercise the Option by delivering written notice to the Company at any time during the period following the Option Agreement Effective Date until the earlier of (a) the tenth (10th) business day after the date, if any, that the Company receives approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of the NDA for reproxalap in dry eye disease (the FDA Decision) and (b) the date that is eighteen (18) months after the Option Agreement Effective Date. If the Collaboration Agreement is entered into, the Option Payment and the Option Extension Fee will be credited against the upfront cash payment payable by AbbVie.

Upon AbbVie’s delivery of the agreement execution notice and the parties entering into the Collaboration Agreement, AbbVie would pay the Company a $100 million upfront cash payment, less the Option Payment and the Option Extension Fee. In addition, the Company would be eligible to receive up to approximately $300 million in regulatory and commercial milestone payments, inclusive of a $100 million milestone payment payable if the FDA Decision is received prior to or after the execution. In the United States, the Company would share profits and losses with AbbVie from the commercialization of reproxalap according to a split of 60% for AbbVie and 40% for the Company. Outside of the United States, the Company would be eligible to receive tiered royalties on net sales of reproxalap. As of November 7, 2024, AbbVie has not exercised the Option.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had recognized no collaboration revenue and had $6.0 million of deferred long-term collaboration revenue related to the Option Agreement and Exercise Period Extension. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the deferred collaboration revenue was reclassified from a long-term liability to a current liability due to the Option expiring pursuant to the terms of the Option Agreement in less than one year. Although the Option Agreement was not considered to be a vendor-customer relationship, the Company used FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to conclude that the $6.0 million liability would be considered a transaction price (the Transaction Price), and all other amounts due to the Company under the Collaboration Agreement would be excluded from the Transaction Price, since such amounts relate to fees that can only be achieved subsequent to the exercise of the Option. Because the Option Extension Fee and the Option Payment are creditable against the Collaboration Agreement payments due to the Company, the Transaction Price was allocated to a single unit of account, specifically, the option to enter into a future collaboration agreement which is considered a material right. The Company concluded that all other performance obligations were immaterial promises in the context of the Option Agreement and did not represent additional units of account. The Company will begin to recognize revenue if and when the Option is exercised or when the Option expires.

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Employee Stock Purchase Plan Activity (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allocated Share Based Compensation Expense	$ 3,225,794	$ 789,217	$ 6,710,162	$ 6,553,112
2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share			$ 1.32	$ 3.09
Allocated Share Based Compensation Expense			$ 14,199	$ 38,931

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

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+ Details

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 151,008,029	$ 58,560	$ 507,770,045	$ (103,938)	$ (356,716,638)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022		58,560,078
Stock-based compensation	4,943,228		4,943,228
Issuance of common stock, exercise of stock options	163,941	$ 298	163,643
Issuance of common stock, exercise of stock options, Shares		297,703
Issuance of common stock, employee stock purchase plan	111,102	$ 26	111,076
Issuance of common stock, employee stock purchase plan, Shares		26,168
Issuance of common stock, vested restricted stock awards		$ 377	(377)
Issuance of common stock, vested restricted stock awards, Shares		377,184
Common stock withheld for tax obligations on option exercise(Shares)		(73,807)
Common stock withheld for tax obligations on option exercise( Value)	(532,951)	$ (74)	(532,877)
Other comprehensive income	103,938			103,938
Net loss	(32,789,548)				(32,789,548)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	123,007,739	$ 59,187	512,454,738		(389,506,186)
Ending Balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2023		59,187,326
Beginning Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	129,883,199	$ 58,801	511,143,713		(381,319,315)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2023		58,801,207
Stock-based compensation	1,627,170		1,627,170
Issuance of common stock, exercise of stock options	158,648	$ 288	158,360
Issuance of common stock, exercise of stock options, Shares		288,099
Issuance of common stock, employee stock purchase plan	58,544	$ 10	58,534
Issuance of common stock, employee stock purchase plan, Shares		9,896
Issuance of common stock, vested restricted stock awards		$ 162	(162)
Issuance of common stock, vested restricted stock awards, Shares		161,931
Common stock withheld for tax obligations on option exercise(Shares)		(73,807)
Common stock withheld for tax obligations on option exercise( Value)	(532,951)	$ (74)	(532,877)
Other comprehensive income	0
Net loss	(8,186,871)				(8,186,871)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	123,007,739	$ 59,187	512,454,738		(389,506,186)
Ending Balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2023		59,187,326
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	119,795,030	$ 59,196	513,994,982		(394,259,148)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Dec. 31, 2023		59,195,951
Stock-based compensation	5,238,751		5,238,751
Issuance of common stock, employee stock purchase plan	38,060	$ 14	38,046
Issuance of common stock, employee stock purchase plan, Shares		13,159
Issuance of common stock, vested restricted stock awards		$ 340	(340)
Issuance of common stock, vested restricted stock awards, Shares		340,488
Other comprehensive income	66,540			66,540
Net loss	(40,042,677)				(40,042,677)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	85,095,704	$ 59,550	519,271,439	66,540	(434,301,825)
Ending Balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2024		59,549,598
Beginning Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	98,310,339	$ 59,415	517,449,424	(9,658)	(419,188,842)
Beginning Balance, Shares at Jun. 30, 2024		59,414,489
Stock-based compensation	1,802,281		1,802,281
Issuance of common stock, employee stock purchase plan	19,869	$ 7	19,862
Issuance of common stock, employee stock purchase plan, Shares		7,062
Issuance of common stock, vested restricted stock awards		$ 128	(128)
Issuance of common stock, vested restricted stock awards, Shares		128,047
Other comprehensive income	76,198			76,198
Net loss	(15,112,983)				(15,112,983)
Ending Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 85,095,704	$ 59,550	$ 519,271,439	$ 66,540	$ (434,301,825)
Ending Balance, Shares at Sep. 30, 2024		59,549,598

Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

12.

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company approved the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan in October 2013, which was amended in June 2016 and June 2018 (the Amended 2013 Plan). The Amended 2013 Plan provided for the granting of stock options, restricted stock units (RSU), stock appreciation rights, and stock units to certain employees, members of the board of directors and consultants of the Company.

In May 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved the 2023 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2023 Equity Plan) to replace the Amended 2013 Plan. On June 30, 2023, the Company's stockholders approved the 2023 Equity Plan at the Company's 2023 annual meeting of stockholders. Pursuant to the 2023 Equity Plan, the Company will not make any further grants under the Amended 2013 Plan following June 30, 2023, though awards previously granted under the Amended 2013 Plan will remain outstanding. The 2023 Equity Plan is effective for a period of ten years after June 30, 2023, and a total of 5,450,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, in addition to shares of the Company’s common stock that are subject to awards granted under the Amended 2013 Plan that are outstanding as of such date and that are subsequently forfeited, cancelled, or expire before being exercised or settled in full, are authorized for issuance under the 2023 Equity Plan. As of September 30, 2024, there were 3,542,805 shares of common stock available for grant under the 2023 Equity Plan.

In 2022, the Company granted cash awards under the Management Cash Incentive Plan, as amended (the Management Cash Incentive Plan). The Management Cash Incentive Plan, which was adopted in 2016, provides participants with the opportunity to earn cash incentive awards for the achievement of goals relating to the performance of the Company. The cash awards, which are equal in value to the amount by which the then value of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market (Nasdaq) exceeds the base values, vest in four annual installments from the date of grant based on continued service and entitle employees to receive a cash payment on the earlier of (i) four years from the date of grant, or (ii) a change of control. As of September 30, 2024, $0.3 million was accrued as compensation expense for vested cash awards. There was no unrecognized expense as of September 30, 2024.

In 2022, the Company granted performance cash settled bonus awards (CSBUs) under the Management Cash Incentive Plan. As the performance criteria had been met, the awards, which are equal in value to the closing price per share of the Company's common stock on Nasdaq on the payment date, will vest in four annual installments from the date of grant based on continued service, and entitle employees to receive cash payments for each vested CSBU, on the earlier of (i) four years from the date of grant or (ii) a change of control. As of September 30, 2024, $3.0 million was accrued as compensation expense for CSBUs as the Performance Criteria was met in February 2023. There was no unrecognized expense as of September 30, 2024.

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period. The Company's share-based awards are accounted for as equity instruments, except for cash awards and CSBUs, which are accounted for as liabilities. The amounts included in the consolidated statements of operations relating to stock-based compensation associated with the two equity incentive plans, cash awards, and CSBUs are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and development expenses	$	1,711,231	$	403,904	$	3,609,590	$	3,457,642
General and administrative expenses		1,514,563		385,313	$	3,100,572	$	3,095,470
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,225,794	$	789,217	$	6,710,162	$	6,553,112

Stock Options

The table below summarizes activity relating to stock options under the incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value(a)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		5,868,816		$	6.40	6.44		$	3,996
Granted		2,376,328		$	3.67				—
Expired		(179,897	)	$	7.90				—
Forfeitures		(31,506	)	$	4.49				—
Outstanding at September 30, 2024		8,033,741		$	5.57		6.94	$	7,387,843
Exercisable at September 30, 2024		5,116,768		$	6.23		5.76	$	3,509,500

(a)

The aggregate intrinsic value in the above table was calculated on the positive difference, if any, between the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on September 30, 2024 of $5.39 and the per share exercise price of the underlying options.

As of September 30, 2024, unamortized stock-based compensation for stock options outstanding was $8.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years. Total unrecognized compensation cost will be adjusted for future forfeitures, if necessary.

Restricted Stock Units

The table below summarizes activity relating to restricted stock units (RSUs) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		944,497		$	5.30
Settled in common stock		(340,488	)		5.10
Outstanding at September 30, 2024		604,009		$	5.41

There were no RSUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The total grant date fair value of RSUs vested was $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, the outstanding RSUs had unamortized stock-based compensation of $2.5 million with a weighted-average remaining recognition period of 1.8 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $3.3 million.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

At September 30, 2024, the Company had 2,921,164 shares available for issuance under the 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (2016 ESPP). A summary of the weighted-average grant-date fair value and total stock-based compensation expense recognized related to the 2016 ESPP are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share	$	1.32	$	3.09
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	14,199	$	38,931

Leases - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
Leases - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Unamortized Right-Of-Use asset	$ 0.4
Operating leases, weighted average remaining lease term (years)	1 year 3 months 18 days
Operating leases, weighted average discount rate	9.10%
Operating lease, expense	$ 0.2

BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Additional Information) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 Segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of segment	1

Credit Facility

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

CREDIT FACILITY

The Company’s current and long-term debt obligation consists of amounts the Company is obligated to repay under the credit facility with Hercules Capital, Inc. (Hercules). In March 2019, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (Loan and Security Agreement or Hercules Credit Facility) with Hercules and several banks and other financial institutions or entities, from time-to-time parties thereto (collectively, referred to herein as Lender), providing for a term loan of up to $60.0 million, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions contained therein, that is secured by a lien covering all of the Company’s assets, other than the Company’s intellectual property. The Loan and Security Agreement provided for (i) an initial term loan advance of up to $5.0 million at the Company’s option, which expired unutilized on April 15, 2019; (ii) three additional term loan advances of up to $15.0 million each, at the Company’s option, available to the Company upon the occurrence of certain pre-specified funding conditions prior to September 30, 2019 (2019 Tranche), March 31, 2020 (2020 Tranche), and March 31, 2021 (2021 Tranche); and (iii) a final additional term loan advance (Fourth Loan Tranche) of up to $10.0 million prior to December 31, 2021, at the Company’s option, subject to approval by the Lender’s investment committee. The 2019 Tranche was drawn down in full by the Company in September 2019 and the 2020 Tranche and 2021 Tranche expired unutilized prior to the Company satisfying the funding conditions for such tranche. On April 20, 2021, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement (First Amendment). The First Amendment, among other things, (i) increased the Fourth Loan Tranche from $10.0 million to $20.0 million and extended the deadline for drawing down the Fourth Loan Tranche to July 1, 2022; (ii) lowered the variable per annum rate of interest on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement from the greater of (a) 9.10% and (b) the prime rate (as reported in the Wall Street Journal or any successor publication thereto) plus 3.10% to the greater of (x) the Prime Rate (as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement) plus 3.10% or (y) 8.60%; (iii) extended the expiration of the period in which interest-only payments on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement are required from May 1, 2021 to July 1, 2022; and (iv) following the satisfaction of certain conditions, which conditions were satisfied in April 2021, further extended the expiration of the interest-only period and the deadline for drawing down the Fourth Loan Tranche to May 1, 2023. Repayment of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the term loan, in monthly installments, commences upon expiration of the interest-only period and continues through October 1, 2023 (Maturity Date). The First Amendment was determined to be a modification in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 470 Debt, and did not result in extinguishment.

On December 22, 2022, the Company entered into the Second Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement (Second Amendment), which became effective as of December 31, 2022 (Second Amendment Effective Date). The Second Amendment, among other things, (i) extended the expiration of the period in which interest-only payments on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement are made from May 1, 2023 to May 1, 2024; (ii) extended the Maturity Date from October 1, 2023 to October 1, 2024; (iii) extended the availability of the Fourth Loan Tranche commitment of $20 million, which remained conditioned on approval by the Lenders’ investment committee, from May 1, 2023 to May 1, 2024; and (iv) amended the Prepayment Charge (as defined therein) to equal 0.75% of the amount prepaid during the 12-month period following the Second Amendment Effective Date, and 0% thereafter. In addition, a supplemental end of term charge of $292,500 (Supplemental End of Term Charge) shall be due on the earlier of (a) the Maturity Date, as amended, or (b) repayment of the aggregate amount of

advances under the Loan and Security Agreement. The initial end of term charge of $1,042,500 (End of Term Charge) was paid on October 2, 2023.

On April 29, 2024, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement (Third Amendment). The Third Amendment, among other things, extended the expiration of the period in which interest-only payments on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement are made from May 1, 2024 to October 1, 2024. On May 1, 2024, the Fourth Loan Tranche commitment expired unutilized. The Second and Third Amendments were determined to be modifications in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 470 Debt, and did not result in extinguishment.

On September 30, 2024, the Company entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement (Fourth Amendment). The Fourth Amendment, among other things, (i) extended the expiration of the period in which interest-only payments on borrowings under the Loan and Security Agreement are made from October 1, 2024 to April 1, 2026; (ii) extended the Maturity Date from October 1, 2024 to April 1, 2026; and (iii) amended the term loan interest rate to be the greater of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement) plus 3.10%, or (b) 11.10%. In addition, a supplemental end of term charge of $300,000 (Second Supplemental End of Term Charge) shall be due on the earlier of (a) the Maturity Date, as amended, or (b) repayment of the aggregate amount of advances under the Loan and Security Agreement. The Supplemental End of Term Charge of $292,500 was paid on October 1, 2024. The Fourth Amendment was determined to be a modification in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 470 Debt, and did not result in extinguishment.

On October 28, 2024, the Company entered into the Fifth Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement (Fifth Amendment). The Fifth Amendment introduces, among other things, new definitions to include holding investments in a wholly owned subsidiary structured as a Massachusetts Security Corporation.

In connection with the Hercules Credit Facility, the Company has incurred; a commitment charge of $25,000, transaction costs of $273,186, a fee of $375,000 upon closing, the End of Term Charge, which was paid in October 2023, and the Supplemental End of Term Charge, which was paid in October 2024. In addition, the Company will be required to pay the Second Supplemental End of Term Charge. The fees and transaction costs are amortized to interest expense from 2019 through the Maturity Date using the effective interest method. Using the effective interest method, the End of Term Charge was amortized to interest expense from 2019 through October 2023, the Supplemental End of Term Charge was amortized to interest expense from December 2022 through October 2024, and the Second Supplemental End of Term Charge is amortized to interest expense from September 2024 through the Maturity Date. The effective interest rate was 13.3% at September 30, 2024. At the Company’s option, the Company may elect to prepay all, but not less than all, of the outstanding term loan by paying the entire principal balance and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, plus all fees and other amounts due under the Loan and Security Agreement as of the date of such prepayment.

As of September 30, 2024, $15 million has been funded under the Loan and Security Agreement and no additional amounts were available to the Company for borrowing.

Long-term debt consisted of the following:


	September 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Term loan payable	$	15,000,000		$	15,000,000
Supplemental end of term charge		282,286			173,646
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(2,329	)		(27,100	)
Less: current portion		(279,957	)		(15,146,546	)
Total long-term debt	$	15,000,000		$	—

Future principal payments, including the Supplemental End of Term Charge, are as follows for the years ending December 31:


2024	$	292,500
2025		—
2026		15,300,000
Total	$	15,592,500

The Loan and Security Agreement also contains certain events of default, representations, warranties, and non-financial covenants of the Company. As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants of the Hercules Credit Facility in all material respects. In addition, subject to the terms of the Loan and Security Agreement, the Company granted the Lender the right to purchase up to an aggregate of $2.0 million of the Company’s equity securities, or instruments exercisable for or convertible into equity securities, sold to investors in financings upon the same terms and conditions afforded to such other investors.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481544/470-10-50-6

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 405
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477092/405-40-50-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 405
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)(3)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477092/405-40-50-1

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 405
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477092/405-40-50-1

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 405
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477092/405-40-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 405
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147477092/405-40-50-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 470
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/470/tableOfContent

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 835
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 45
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482925/835-30-45-2

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 20: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 21: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

+ Details

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)

Sep. 30, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

$ 97,338,714

$ 14,312,565

U.S. government agency securities [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[1]

44,624,170

Money Market Funds [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[2]

12,714,544

14,312,565

Reverse Repurchase Agreements [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[3]

40,000,000

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

57,338,714

14,312,565

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | U.S. government agency securities [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[1]

44,624,170

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Money Market Funds [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[2]

12,714,544

14,312,565

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Reverse Repurchase Agreements [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[3]

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

40,000,000

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | U.S. government agency securities [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[1]

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Money Market Funds [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[2]

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Reverse Repurchase Agreements [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[3]

40,000,000

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | U.S. government agency securities [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[1]

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Money Market Funds [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[2]

$ 0

Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Reverse Repurchase Agreements [Member]

Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]

Assets, Fair Value Disclosure, Total

^[3]

$ 0

[1]	U.S. government agency securities are valued based on observable market prices in active markets.
[2]	Money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets, are valued at quoted market prices in active markets.
[3]	Reverse repurchase agreements are recorded at fair market value, which is determined based on the most recent observable inputs for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or are directly or indirectly observable.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES

At September 30, 2024, cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities were comprised of:


	Carrying Amount		Unrecognized Gain		Estimated Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Current Marketable Securities
Cash	$	15,405,485	$	—	$	15,405,485	$	15,405,485	$	—
Money market funds		12,714,544		—		12,714,544		12,714,544		—
Reverse repurchase agreements (1)		40,000,000		—		40,000,000		40,000,000		—
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	68,120,029	$	—	$	68,120,029	$	68,120,029	$	—

U.S. government agency securities	$	44,557,630	$	66,540	$	44,624,170	$	—	$	44,624,170
Available for sale marketable securities (2)		44,557,630		66,540		44,624,170		—		44,624,170
Total cash, cash equivalents, and current marketable securities							$	68,120,029	$	44,624,170

(1)

Reverse repurchase agreements are financial transactions in which a party purchases securities with the agreement to sell them back at a later date, typically at a slightly higher price. The Company invests in certain reverse repurchase agreements which, are collateralized by deposits in the form of U.S. Government Securities and Obligations for an amount no less than 102% of the value and has at least an A (or equivalent) credit rating. The Company does not record an asset or liability related to the collateral, as the Company is not permitted to sell or repledge the associated collateral.

(2)

Available for sale debt securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported net of taxes, if material, in other comprehensive income.

The contractual maturities of all available for sale securities were less than one year at September 30, 2024.

At December 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents were comprised of:


	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash	$	128,510,451	$	128,510,451	$	128,510,451
Money market funds		14,312,565		14,312,565		14,312,565
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	142,823,016	$	142,823,016	$	142,823,016

There were no marketable securities held at December 31, 2023.

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Activity Relating to Restricted Stock Units (Detail)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 \| shares	944,497
Settled in common stock \| shares	(340,488)
Outstanding at September 30, 2024 \| shares	604,009
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Beginning Balance \| $ / shares	$ 5.3
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Settled in common stock \| $ / shares	5.1
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Ending Balance \| $ / shares	$ 5.41

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

+ Details

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued compensation	$	4,282,902	$	3,087,937
Accrued research and development expenses		5,483,521		1,687,327
Accrued other expenses		656,874		761,200
Total accrued expenses	$	10,423,297	$	5,536,464

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash, and Cash Equivalents

At September 30, 2024, cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities were comprised of:


	Carrying Amount		Unrecognized Gain		Estimated Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Current Marketable Securities
Cash	$	15,405,485	$	—	$	15,405,485	$	15,405,485	$	—
Money market funds		12,714,544		—		12,714,544		12,714,544		—
Reverse repurchase agreements (1)		40,000,000		—		40,000,000		40,000,000		—
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	68,120,029	$	—	$	68,120,029	$	68,120,029	$	—

U.S. government agency securities	$	44,557,630	$	66,540	$	44,624,170	$	—	$	44,624,170
Available for sale marketable securities (2)		44,557,630		66,540		44,624,170		—		44,624,170
Total cash, cash equivalents, and current marketable securities							$	68,120,029	$	44,624,170

(1)

(2)

Available for sale debt securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported net of taxes, if material, in other comprehensive income.

At December 31, 2023, cash and cash equivalents were comprised of:


	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash	$	128,510,451	$	128,510,451	$	128,510,451
Money market funds		14,312,565		14,312,565		14,312,565
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	142,823,016	$	142,823,016	$	142,823,016

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Credit Facility - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 22, 2022	Apr. 20, 2021	Dec. 22, 2022	Sep. 30, 2024	Oct. 01, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Deferred collaboration revenue, long term				$ 0		$ 6,000,000
Long-Term Debt				15,592,500
Hercules Credit Facility [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility amount				$ 15,000,000
Debt instrument annual interest rate				9.10%
Debt instrument variable annual interest rate				3.10%
Interest payment period				May 01, 2021
Interest payment extension period				May 01, 2023
Commitment charge				$ 25,000
Transaction costs				273,186
Credit facility fee				$ 375,000
Credit facility, interest rate				13.30%
Existing End Of Term Charge	$ 1,042,500
Hercules Credit Facility [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility amount				$ 60,000,000
Loan agreement right to purchase aggregate amount of equity securities				2,000,000
Hercules Credit Facility [Member] \| Term Loan Advance One [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility amount				$ 5,000,000
Hercules Credit Facility [Member] \| Term Loan Advance Two [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-Term Debt, Description				extended the Maturity Date from October 1, 2023 to October 1, 2024; (iii) extended the availability of the Fourth Loan Tranche commitment of $20 million, which remained conditioned on approval by the Lenders’ investment committee, from May 1, 2023 to May 1, 2024
Credit facility prepayment fee percentage			0.75%
Long-Term Debt, Percentage Bearing Variable Interest, Percentage Rate	0.00%		0.00%
Supplemental End Of Term Charge	$ 292,500
Hercules Credit Facility [Member] \| Term Loan Advance Four [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Debt instrument annual interest rate				11.10%
Long-Term Debt, Description				(ii) extended the Maturity Date from October 1, 2024 to April 1, 2026; and (iii) amended the term loan interest rate to be the greater of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined in the Loan and Security Agreement) plus 3.10%, or (b) 11.10%.
Long-Term Debt	$ 20,000,000		$ 20,000,000	$ 15,000,000
Supplemental End Of Term Charge				300,000
Supplemental End Of Term Charge Paid					$ 292,500
Hercules Credit Facility [Member] \| Term Loan Advance Five [Member]
Line Of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Long-Term Debt		$ 10,000,000		$ 10,000,000
Debt instrument, increase amount		$ 20,000,000

Helio Vision Acquisition - Additional Information (Detail) - Helio Vision Inc [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 28, 2019	Sep. 30, 2024
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, stock issued	1,407,006
Common Stock after FDA Approval prior to 10th Anniversary [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, contingent consideration liability	$ 10.0
Common Stock after FDA Approval Prior to 12th Anniversary [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, contingent consideration liability	$ 2.5
Common Stock after FDA Approval Prior to 12th Anniversary [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, contingent consideration stock to be issued	5,248,885
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy [Member] \| Tax Gross-up Payment in Event of Change of Control or Divesture [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Merger Agreement, Description		the Helio Product Candidate and related intellectual property rights may revert back to an entity designated by the representative of the former Helio stockholders. Additionally, in the event of certain change of control or divestitures by the Company, certain former convertible noteholders of Helio will be entitled to a tax gross-up payment in an amount not to exceed $1.0 million in the aggregate.
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy [Member] \| Tax Gross-up Payment in Event of Change of Control or Divesture [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, contingent consideration liability		$ 1.0
Founders [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, stock issued	246,562

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]
Deferred research and development expenses	$ 2,830,668	$ 4,463,783
Prepaid insurance expenses	725,242	340,388
Miscellaneous prepaid expenses and other current assets	420,654	183,146
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 3,976,564	$ 4,987,317

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets measured at fair value at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:


	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (a)	$	12,714,544	$	—	$	—	$	12,714,544
U.S. government agency securities (b)		44,624,170		—		—		44,624,170
Reverse repurchase agreements (c)		—		40,000,000		—		40,000,000
Total assets at fair value	$	57,338,714	$	40,000,000	$	—	$	97,338,714


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (a)	$	14,312,565	$	—	$	—	$	14,312,565
Total assets at fair value	$	14,312,565	$	—	$	—	$	14,312,565

Money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets, are valued at quoted market prices in active markets.

U.S. government agency securities are valued based on observable market prices in active markets.

Helio Vision Acquisition

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Helio Vision Acquisition

On January 28, 2019 (Closing Date), the Company acquired Helio Vision, Inc. (Helio) and thereby obtained rights to develop ADX-2191 for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (the Helio Product Candidate) pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of January 24, 2019 (the Merger Agreement). As a result of the acquisition, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,407,006 shares of common stock to the former securityholders and an advisor of Helio, including 246,562 shares issued in January 2021, pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreement. In addition, the Company, subject to the conditions of the acquisition agreement, was contingently obligated to make additional payments to the former securityholders of Helio as follows: (a) $10.0 million of common stock following approval by the FDA of a new drug application (NDA) for the prevention and/or treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy or a substantially similar label prior to the 10th anniversary of the Closing Date; and (b) $2.5 million of common stock following FDA approval of an NDA for an indication (other than proliferative vitreoretinopathy or a substantially similar label) prior to the 12th anniversary of the Closing Date (the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the preceding clauses (a) and (b) are referred to herein as the Milestone Shares), provided that in no event shall the Company be obligated to issue more than an aggregate of 5,248,885 shares of common stock in connection with the Helio acquisition. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company ceased development of the Helio Product Candidate for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. As a result, subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, the Helio Product Candidate and related intellectual property rights may revert back to an entity designated by the representative of the former Helio stockholders. Additionally, in the event of certain change of control or divestitures by the Company, certain former convertible noteholders of Helio will be entitled to a tax gross-up payment in an amount not to exceed $1.0 million in the aggregate.

The Company determined that liability accounting is not required for the Milestone Shares under FASB ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (ASC 480). The Company also determined that the Milestone Shares meet the scope exception as a derivative under FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815), from inception of the Milestone Shares through September 30, 2024. Accordingly, the Milestone Shares are evaluated under FASB ASC Topic 450, Contingencies (ASC 450) and the Company will record a liability related to the Milestone Shares if the milestones are achieved, and the obligation to issue the Milestone Shares becomes probable. At such time, the Company will record the cost of the Milestone Shares issued to the Helio founders as a compensation expense and to the other former securityholders of Helio as an in-process research and development expense if there is no alternative future use. No milestones related to the remaining Milestone Shares are considered probable of being achieved as of September 30, 2024.

Credit Facility (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following:


	September 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
Term loan payable	$	15,000,000		$	15,000,000
Supplemental end of term charge		282,286			173,646
Unamortized debt issuance costs		(2,329	)		(27,100	)
Less: current portion		(279,957	)		(15,146,546	)
Total long-term debt	$	15,000,000		$	—

Schedule of Principal Payments Including the Supplemental End of Term Charges

Future principal payments, including the Supplemental End of Term Charge, are as follows for the years ending December 31:


2024	$	292,500
2025		—
2026		15,300,000
Total	$	15,592,500

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-02(22))
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+ Details

Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail)	9 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Income Tax [Line Items]
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance	100.00%
Maximum [Member]
Income Tax [Line Items]
Statutory tax rate	50.00%
State and Federal [Member]
Income Tax [Line Items]
Income tax benefit	$ 0

- Definition

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
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+ Details

Significant Agreements (Additional Information) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 21, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023
UNITED STATES
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Split profits and losses percentage	40.00%
AbbVie Option Agreement [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Non refundable payment	$ 5.0		$ 1.0
upfront cash payment	100.0
Milestone payment	$ 100.0
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount		$ 6.0
Split profits and losses percentage	60.00%
Revenues		0.0
Deferred collaboration revenue		6.0
Transaction price		$ 6.0
AbbVie Option Agreement [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Milestone payment	$ 300.0

Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

13.

LEASES

The Company currently leases an office used to conduct business. The Company regularly evaluates renewal options, the probability of executing on such options, and the renewal period in the lease term. As the Company’s lease does not provide an implicit rate, the Company, in determining the present value of the lease payments, uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. In November 2023, the Company entered into a lease amendment that extended the lease by 12 months through December 31, 2024 and contained two options to extend the term of the lease for an additional 12 months each. Each option shall be exercisable, if at all, by giving a nine-month written notice to the landlord. In April 2024, the Company extended the option to extend the term of the lease for an additional 12 months (into December 2025). The extension was included in the December 31, 2023 financials.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company maintained an unamortized Right-Of-Use asset with a corresponding operating lease liability of approximately $0.4 million based on the present value of the minimum rental payments in accordance with ASC Topic 842 Leases. The weighted average discount rate used for leases as of September 30, 2024 is 9.1%. The weighted average remaining lease term as of September 30, 2024 was 1.3 years. The operating lease expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $0.2 million. Maturities and balance sheet presentation of the Company’s lease liabilities for all operating leases as of September 30, 2024 is as follows:


Remaining total lease payments	$	354,169
Less: effect of discounting		(20,694	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	333,475

Current operating lease liabilities	$	263,241
Non-current operating lease liabilities	$	70,234
Total	$	333,475

The Company’s gross future minimum payments under all non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2024 are:


	Total		2024		2025		2026		2027
Operating lease obligations	$	354,169	$	68,964	$	285,205	$	—	$	—

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	15,000,000	15,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	59,549,598	59,195,951
Common stock, shares outstanding	59,549,598	59,195,951

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Detail) - USD ($)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Number of Shares Outstanding, Beginning Balance

5,868,816

Number of Shares, Granted

2,376,328

Number of Shares, Expired

(179,897)

Number of Shares, Forfeitures

(31,506)

Number of Shares Outstanding, Ending Balance

8,033,741

5,868,816

Number of Shares Exercisable, Ending Balance

5,116,768

Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning Balance

$ 6.4

Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted

3.67

Weighted Average Exercise Price, Expired

7.9

Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeitures

4.49

Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending Balance

5.57

$ 6.4

Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercisable, Ending Balance

$ 6.23

Weighted Average Contractual Term, Outstanding

6 years 11 months 8 days

6 years 5 months 8 days

Weighted Average Contractual Term, Exercisable

5 years 9 months 3 days

Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Outstanding

^[1]

$ 7,387,843

$ 3,996

Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Exercisable

^[1]

$ 3,509,500

[1]	The aggregate intrinsic value in the above table was calculated on the positive difference, if any, between the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on September 30, 2024 of $5.39 and the per share exercise price of the underlying options.

Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$ 12,441,509	$ 6,961,669	$ 33,594,761	$ 25,160,437
General and administrative	3,696,067	2,588,701	9,944,487	11,535,868
Loss from operations	(16,137,576)	(9,550,370)	(43,539,248)	(36,696,305)
Other income (expense):
Interest income	1,503,845	1,902,242	4,951,949	5,463,928
Interest expense	(479,252)	(538,743)	(1,455,378)	(1,557,171)
Total other income (expense), net	1,024,593	1,363,499	3,496,571	3,906,757
Net loss	$ (15,112,983)	$ (8,186,871)	$ (40,042,677)	$ (32,789,548)
Net loss per share - basic	$ (0.25)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.67)	$ (0.56)
Net loss per share - diluted	$ (0.25)	$ (0.14)	$ (0.67)	$ (0.56)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	59,530,113	58,990,189	59,453,312	58,858,631
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	59,530,113	58,990,189	59,453,312	58,858,631

Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of commissions and other offering costs		$ (217,261)	$ 0
Jefferies Sales Agreement [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock, employee stock purchase plan, Shares		0
Jefferies Sales Agreement [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Class Of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of commissions and other offering costs	$ 75,000,000

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 505
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
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-Publisher FASB
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/recommendedDisclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The amounts included in the consolidated statements of operations relating to stock-based compensation associated with the two equity incentive plans, cash awards, and CSBUs are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Research and development expenses	$	1,711,231	$	403,904	$	3,609,590	$	3,457,642
General and administrative expenses		1,514,563		385,313	$	3,100,572	$	3,095,470
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,225,794	$	789,217	$	6,710,162	$	6,553,112

Summary of Activity Relating to Stock Options

The table below summarizes activity relating to stock options under the incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value(a)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		5,868,816		$	6.40	6.44		$	3,996
Granted		2,376,328		$	3.67				—
Expired		(179,897	)	$	7.90				—
Forfeitures		(31,506	)	$	4.49				—
Outstanding at September 30, 2024		8,033,741		$	5.57		6.94	$	7,387,843
Exercisable at September 30, 2024		5,116,768		$	6.23		5.76	$	3,509,500

(a)

Summary of Activity Relating to Restricted Stock Units

The table below summarizes activity relating to restricted stock units (RSUs) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:


	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2023		944,497		$	5.30
Settled in common stock		(340,488	)		5.10
Outstanding at September 30, 2024		604,009		$	5.41

Summary of Employee Stock Purchase Plan Activity

A summary of the weighted-average grant-date fair value and total stock-based compensation expense recognized related to the 2016 ESPP are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share	$	1.32	$	3.09
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	14,199	$	38,931

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities - Schedule of Cash, and Cash Equivalents (Detail) - USD ($)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Cash Cash Equivalents And Marketable Securities [Line Items]

Total Cash and cash equivalents

$ 68,120,029

Cash and Cash Equivalents

44,624,170

$ 0

Current Marketable Securities

44,624,170

U.S. government agency securities [Member]

Cash Cash Equivalents And Marketable Securities [Line Items]

Current Marketable Securities

44,624,170

Available for sale carrying Amount

44,557,630

Available for sale unrecognized gain

66,540

Available for sale fair value disclosure

44,624,170

Cash [Member]

Cash Cash Equivalents And Marketable Securities [Line Items]

Cash

15,405,485

128,510,451

Estimated Fair Value

15,405,485

128,510,451

Cash and Cash Equivalents

15,405,485

128,510,451

Money Market Funds [Member]

Cash Cash Equivalents And Marketable Securities [Line Items]

Money market funds

12,714,544

14,312,565

Estimated Fair Value

12,714,544

14,312,565

Cash and Cash Equivalents

12,714,544

14,312,565

Reverse Repurchase Agreements [Member]

Cash Cash Equivalents And Marketable Securities [Line Items]

Reverse repurchase agreements

^[1]

40,000,000

Estimated Fair Value

^[1]

40,000,000

Cash and Cash Equivalents

^[1]

40,000,000

Total Cash and cash equivalents [Member]

Cash Cash Equivalents And Marketable Securities [Line Items]

Total Cash and cash equivalents

68,120,029

142,823,016

Estimated Fair Value

68,120,029

142,823,016

Cash and Cash Equivalents

68,120,029

$ 142,823,016

Available for sale marketable securities [Member]

Cash Cash Equivalents And Marketable Securities [Line Items]

Current Marketable Securities

^[2]

44,624,170

Available for sale carrying Amount

^[2]

44,557,630

Available for sale unrecognized gain

^[2]

66,540

Available for sale fair value disclosure

^[2]

$ 44,624,170

[1]

[2]

Available for sale debt securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported net of taxes, if material, in other comprehensive income.

Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Allocated Share Based Compensation Expense	$ 3,225,794	$ 789,217	$ 6,710,162	$ 6,553,112
Research and Development Expenses [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Allocated Share Based Compensation Expense	1,711,231	403,904	3,609,590	3,457,642
General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Allocated Share Based Compensation Expense	$ 1,514,563	$ 385,313	$ 3,100,572	$ 3,095,470

Document And Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 05, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Trading Symbol	ALDX
Entity Registrant Name	ALDEYRA THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001341235
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		59,549,598
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity File Number	001-36332
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-1968197
Entity Address, Address Line One	131 Hartwell Avenue
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 320
Entity Address, City or Town	Lexington
Entity Address, State or Province	MA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	02421
City Area Code	781
Local Phone Number	761-4904
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE

Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

11.

INCOME TAXES

No current or deferred tax provision expenses for federal and state income taxes have been recorded as the Company has incurred losses since inception for tax purposes. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

In assessing the realizability of net deferred taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Based on the weight of available evidence, primarily the incurrence of net losses since inception, anticipated net losses in the near future, reversals of existing temporary differences, and expiration of various federal and state attributes, the Company does not consider it more likely than not that all of the net deferred taxes will be realized. Accordingly, a 100% valuation allowance has been applied against net deferred tax assets.

Under Section 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Section 382 and 383), a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” is subject to limitations on the ability to utilize pre-change net operating losses (NOLs) and certain other tax assets (tax attributes) to offset future taxable income. In general, an ownership change occurs if the aggregate stock ownership of certain stockholders increases by more than 50 percentage points over such stockholders’ lowest percentage ownership during the testing period (generally three years). Transactions involving the Company’s common stock, within the testing period, even those outside the Company’s control, such as purchases or sales by investors, within the testing period could result in an ownership change. A limitation on the Company’s ability to utilize some or all NOLs or credits could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows. Prior to December 31, 2021, the Company believes it underwent four ownership changes. However, management believes that the aggregate Section 382 and 383 limitation (including the additional limitation for recognized “built-in-gains”) is sufficient so that no current impairment of pre-ownership change tax attributes is required. The Company does not believe an ownership change has occurred from December 31, 2021, through September 30, 2024, based on a review of equity history during that period. Any future ownership changes, including those resulting from the Company’s future financing activities, may cause existing tax attributes to incur additional limitations.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company is subject to tax in the U.S. (Federal and Massachusetts). The Company is open to examination for the tax years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020. In addition, any loss years remain open to the extent that losses are available for carryover to future years.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions pursuant to ASC 740-10 which prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. If the tax position meets the threshold, the benefit to be recognized is measured as the tax benefit having the highest likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority. Accordingly, in the provision for income taxes, the Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties; however, management is currently unaware of any uncertain tax positions. As a result, the Company does not have any liabilities recorded including interest or penalties for uncertain tax positions.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income tax.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12

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+ Details

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid expenses and other current assets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Deferred research and development expenses	$	2,830,668	$	4,463,783
Prepaid insurance expenses		725,242		340,388
Miscellaneous prepaid expenses and other current assets		420,654		183,146
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	3,976,564	$	4,987,317

Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

14.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Guarantees and Indemnifications

As permitted under Delaware law, the Company indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. Through September 30, 2024, the Company had not experienced any losses related to the indemnification obligations and no material claims were outstanding. The Company does not expect significant claims related to the indemnification obligations, consequently concluded that the fair value of these obligations is negligible and that no related reserves need be established.

In-License Agreements

MEEI Agreement

The Company was developing ADX-2191 for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy pursuant to an Exclusive License Agreement with Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI), originally entered into in July 2016 between MEEI and Helio Vision, Inc., as amended, (the MEEI Agreement). The Company assumed the MEEI Agreement in connection with the 2019 acquisition of Helio Vision.

Pursuant to the MEEI Agreement, the Company obtained an exclusive worldwide license from MEEI to develop and commercialize ADX-2191 under certain patents and patent applications, in addition to other licenses to intellectual property (the MEEI Patent Rights). The Company has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop ADX-2191, and to meet certain specified effort and achievement benchmarks by certain dates.

In consideration for the rights licensed under the MEEI Agreement, Helio Vision issued MEEI a number of shares of preferred stock and Helio Vision agreed, during the term of the agreement, to pay non-creditable non-refundable license maintenance fees to MEEI of $15,000 on each of the second and third anniversary of the agreement, $25,000 on each of the fourth and fifth

anniversary of the agreement, and $35,000 on the sixth and each subsequent anniversary of the agreement. In addition, Helio Vision was obligated to make future sales-dependent milestone payments to MEEI of up to low seven figures in the aggregate, as well as royalty payments to MEEI at a rate which, as a percentage of net sales, is in the low single digits for products that incorporate or use the MEEI Patent Rights. Helio is also obligated under the MEEI Agreement to pay MEEI a percentage of certain sublicense revenue at a percentage rate that descends from low-double digits to mid-single digits based on the date of the sublicense. Following the Company’s acquisition of Helio Vision, the Company became obligated to make any future payments previously owed by Helio under the MEEI Agreement. There is no additional equity consideration issuable under the MEEI Agreement.

The MEEI Agreement will remain in effect until the expiration date of the last to expire patent licensed under the MEEI Agreement. The Company may terminate the MEEI Agreement with timely written notice to MEEI. MEEI has the right to terminate the MEEI Agreement, subject to certain specified cure periods, in the event of the Company’s insolvency or bankruptcy or if the Company ceases all business operations with respect to licensed products; the Company fails to pay amounts due under the MEEI Agreement; the Company fails to comply with certain due diligence obligations; the Company does not maintain specific levels of insurance; one of the Company's officers is convicted of a felony relating to the manufacture, use, sale or importation of licensed products; or the Company materially breaches any provisions of the MEEI Agreement or in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy.

In the event of an early termination of the MEEI Agreement, all rights licensed and developed by the Company under the MEEI Agreement will revert to MEEI. The Company has agreed to indemnify MEEI for certain claims that may arise under the MEEI Agreement.

Legal Proceedings

On July 31, 2023, a purported stockholder filed a putative class action lawsuit (the Securities Class Action) in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, against the Company and certain current and former officers, captioned Juliana Paice v. Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc., et al. (No. 23-cv-11737). On January 2, 2024, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint. The lawsuit alleges violations by the defendants of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5. The plaintiff alleges that the defendants made false or misleading statements or failed to disclose certain information concerning (i) the New Drug Application (NDA) for and the prospects of ADX-2191 for the treatment of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma, and (ii) the NDA for and the prospects of reproxalap for the treatment of dry eye disease. The lawsuit seeks, among other things, compensatory damages on behalf of herself and all persons and entities that purchased or otherwise acquired the Company's securities between January 7, 2021 and October 16, 2023, as well as attorneys’ fees and costs. On March 4, 2024, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, the plaintiff filed opposition to the motion on April 18, 2024, and defendants filed a reply to plaintiff's opposition on May 20, 2024. Oral argument on the motion to dismiss was heard on July 24, 2024. The Company disputes the plaintiff's claims and intends to vigorously defend the suit. At this time, the Company cannot reasonably predict the outcome or estimate potential losses, if any, that could result from this matter.

In addition, from time to time, the Company is subject to litigation and claims arising in the ordinary course of business but, except as stated above, the Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings and the Company is not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceedings against them that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results, cash flows, or financial condition.

Leases - Schedule of Maturities and Balance Sheet Presentation of Lease Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Remaining total lease payments	$ 354,169
Less: effect of discounting	(20,694)
Present value of lease liabilities	333,475
Current operating lease liabilities	263,241	$ 239,183
Non-current operating lease liabilities	70,234	$ 271,631
Operating lease liability	$ 333,475

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss	$ (40,042,677)	$ (32,789,548)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	6,710,160	6,553,112
Non-cash interest expense	133,411	283,444
Net amortization of premium on marketable securities	(1,205,746)	(14,542)
Depreciation and amortization expense	185,250	196,311
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,010,753	2,847,103
Accounts payable	(1,151,138)	113,569
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	3,188,085	(8,016,017)
Net cash used in operating activities	(31,171,902)	(30,826,568)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of marketable securities	(75,351,884)	0
Maturities of marketable securities	32,000,000	30,000,000
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(43,351,884)	30,000,000
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance costs	(217,261)	0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	0	163,941
Tax withholding payments for net share-settled equity awards	0	(532,951)
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	38,060	111,102
Net cash provided by financing activities	(179,201)	(257,908)
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(74,702,987)	(1,084,476)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD	142,823,016	144,419,364
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD	68,120,029	143,334,888
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for interest	1,329,167	1,262,354
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION AND DISCLOSURES OF NONCASH ACTIVITIES
Offering costs not yet paid	$ 50,000	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	$ 0.3
Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unamortized stock-based compensation	$ 8.9
Weighted average recognition period	2 years 6 months
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value	$ 1.7
Unamortized stock-based compensation	$ 2.5
RSU granted	0
Weighted average remaining recognition period	1 year 9 months 18 days
Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding	$ 3.3
CSBU [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based compensation expense	$ 3.0
2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock available for issuance	2,921,164
2023 Equity Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common stock available for issuance	3,542,805
Additional shares granted		5,450,000

Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Non-Cancelable Operating Leases (Detail)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Remaining total lease payments	$ 354,169
Operating lease obligations, 2024	68,964
Operating lease obligations, 2025	285,205
Operating lease obligations, 2026	0
Operating lease obligations, 2027	$ 0

Credit Facility - Schedule of Long-Term Debt (Detail) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Line of Credit Facility [Abstract]
Term loan payable	$ 15,000,000	$ 15,000,000
Supplemental end of term charge	282,286	173,646
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(2,329)	(27,100)
Less: current portion	(279,957)	(15,146,546)
Total long-term debt	$ 15,000,000	$ 0

Net Loss Per Share - Computation of Diluted Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding (Detail) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total of common stock equivalents	8,637,750	7,200,692	8,637,750	7,200,692
Employee Stock Option
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total of common stock equivalents	8,033,741	6,174,419	8,033,741	6,174,419
Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total of common stock equivalents	604,009	1,026,273	604,009	1,026,273

Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Maturities and Balance Sheet Presentation of Lease Liabilities

Maturities and balance sheet presentation of the Company’s lease liabilities for all operating leases as of September 30, 2024 is as follows:


Remaining total lease payments	$	354,169
Less: effect of discounting		(20,694	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	333,475

Current operating lease liabilities	$	263,241
Non-current operating lease liabilities	$	70,234
Total	$	333,475

The Company’s gross future minimum payments under all non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2024 are:


	Total		2024		2025		2026		2027
Operating lease obligations	$	354,169	$	68,964	$	285,205	$	—	$	—

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 28,120,029		$ 142,823,016
Cash equivalent - reverse repurchase agreements	40,000,000		0
Marketable securities	44,624,170		0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,976,564		4,987,317
Total current assets	116,720,763		147,810,333
Deferred offering costs	267,261		0
Right-of-use assets	329,968		510,814
Fixed assets, net	1,360		5,764
Total assets	117,319,352		148,326,911
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	186,919		1,338,057
Accrued expenses	10,423,297		5,536,464
Current portion of debt	279,957		15,146,546
Operating lease liabilities	263,241		239,183
Deferred collaboration revenue	6,000,000		0
Total current liabilities	17,153,414		22,260,250
Deferred collaboration revenue, long term	0		6,000,000
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	70,234		271,631
Long-term debt, net of current portion	15,000,000		0
Total liabilities	32,223,648		28,531,881
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 3, 9, & 14)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding	0		0
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 150,000,000 authorized and 59,549,598 and 59,195,951 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	59,550		59,196
Additional paid-in capital	519,271,439		513,994,982
Accumulated other comprehensive income	66,540		0
Accumulated deficit	(434,301,825)		(394,259,148)
Total stockholders’ equity	85,095,704	$ 98,310,339	119,795,030
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 117,319,352		$ 148,326,911

Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued compensation	$ 4,282,902	$ 3,087,937
Accrued research and development expenses	5,483,521	1,687,327
Accrued other expenses	656,874	761,200
Total accrued expenses	$ 10,423,297	$ 5,536,464

Cash, Cash Equivalents, And Marketable Securities - Schedule of Cash, and Cash Equivalents (Parenthetical) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
U.S. government agency securities [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Cash Cash Equivalents And Marketable Securities [Line Items]
CollateralRequiredPercentage	102.00%

Credit Facility - Schedule of Principal Payments Incuding End of Term Charges (Detail)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Line of Credit Facility [Abstract]
2024	$ 292,500
2025	0
2026	15,300,000
Total	$ 15,592,500

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt. Excludes lease obligation.

+ References + Details

Net Loss Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

NET LOSS PER SHARE

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, diluted weighted average common shares outstanding is equal to basic weighted average common shares due to the Company’s net loss position.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding, because such securities had an antidilutive impact:


	For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Options to purchase common stock		8,033,741		6,174,419
Nonvested restricted stock units		604,009		1,026,273
Total of common stock equivalents		8,637,750		7,200,692

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Parenthetical) (Detail)	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Closing market value of common stock	$ 5.39

Commitments and Contingencies (Additional Information) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Outstanding material claims	$ 0
Reserve for indemnification	0
M E E I Agreement [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Additional equity consideration issuable	0
Second And Third Anniversary [Member] \| M E E I Agreement [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Non-creditable non-refundable license maintenance fees	15,000
Fourth And Fifth Anniversary [Member] \| M E E I Agreement [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Non-creditable non-refundable license maintenance fees	25,000
Sixth And Subsequent Anniversary [Member] \| M E E I Agreement [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Non-creditable non-refundable license maintenance fees	$ 35,000

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Diluted Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding, because such securities had an antidilutive impact:


	For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Options to purchase common stock		8,033,741		6,174,419
Nonvested restricted stock units		604,009		1,026,273
Total of common stock equivalents		8,637,750		7,200,692

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Marketable Securities	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$ 0	$ 0

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (15,112,983)	$ (8,186,871)	$ (40,042,677)	$ (32,789,548)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 25: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 26: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 27: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 35: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Basis of Presentation (Policies)	9 Months Ended
Basis of Presentation (Policies)	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including fair value estimates for investments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods. The Company’s management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Management’s most significant estimates in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, deferred and accrued research and development costs, stock-based compensation, and accounting for income taxes and related valuation allowance. Although the estimates and assumptions are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from the estimates and assumptions.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies There were no changes to significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to those identified in the 2023 Annual Report.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07). ASU 2023-07 is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through additional disclosures about significant segment expenses, including for single reportable segment entities. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is evaluating the disclosure requirements related to the new standard. However, given the Company has one reportable segment, the policy is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09). ASU 2023-09 requires more detailed income tax disclosures. The guidance requires entities to disclose disaggregated information about their effective tax rate reconciliation as well as expanded information on income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The disclosure requirements will be applied on a prospective basis, with the option to apply them retrospectively. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the disclosure requirements related to the new standard.

Stockholders' Equity	9 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity	Sep. 30, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Stockholders Equity	10. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY In August 2024, the Company entered into an Open Market Sales Agreement SM with Jefferies, as sales agent (the 2024 Jefferies Sales Agreement), under which the Company has the ability to offer and sell, from time to time through Jefferies, shares of common stock providing for aggregate sales proceeds of up to $75.0 million. As of September 30, 2024, no shares of common stock were sold under the 2024 Jefferies Sales Agreement.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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-Section 50
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+ Details

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Prepaid Expense and Other Assets, Current [Abstract]

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Deferred research and development expenses	$	2,830,668	$	4,463,783
Prepaid insurance expenses		725,242		340,388
Miscellaneous prepaid expenses and other current assets		420,654		183,146
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	3,976,564	$	4,987,317

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income (Loss)	$ (15,112,983)	$ (8,186,871)	$ (40,042,677)	$ (32,789,548)
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of tax	76,198	0	66,540	0
Reclassification of losses to net loss				103,938
Total other comprehensive income	76,198	0	66,540	103,938
Comprehensive loss	$ (15,036,785)	$ (8,186,871)	$ (39,976,137)	$ (32,685,610)

- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

+ References + Details

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).

+ References

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+ Details

Nature of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business

NATURE OF BUSINESS

Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Aldeyra”), a Delaware corporation, is a clinical-stage biotechnology company devoted to discovering innovative therapies designed to treat immune-mediated and metabolic diseases.

The Company’s principal activities to date include research and development activities along with related general business planning, including raising capital.

Accrued Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued compensation	$	4,282,902	$	3,087,937
Accrued research and development expenses		5,483,521		1,687,327
Accrued other expenses		656,874		761,200
Total accrued expenses	$	10,423,297	$	5,536,464

Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2024 (2023 Annual Report).

The financial information as of September 30, 2024, and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for the fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented, have been included. The balance sheet data as of December 31, 2023 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements. The results of the Company’s operations for any interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for a full fiscal year.

Based on the Company's current operating plan, and excluding any potential licensing and product revenue, the Company believes that cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund the Company's currently projected operating expenses and debt obligations for at least the next 12 months from the date the financial statements are issued. The Company has based projections of operating capital requirements on the current operating plan, which includes several assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and the Company may use all available capital resources sooner than the Company expects. The Company will need to secure additional funding in the future, from one or more equity or debt financings, collaborations, or other sources, in order to carry out all of the Company’s planned research and development activities and regulatory activities; commence or continue ongoing commercialization activities, including manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution, for any product candidates for which the Company may receive marketing approval; or conduct any substantial, additional development requirements requested by the FDA. Additional funding may not be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all. If unable to secure additional funding, the Company could be forced to delay, reduce, or eliminate research and development programs and reproxalap commercialization efforts, whether alone or with others.

Curtailment of operations would cause significant delays in the Company’s efforts to develop and introduce products to market, which is critical to the realization of the business plan and the future operations of the Company.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions, including fair value estimates for investments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods. The Company’s management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Management’s most significant estimates in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, deferred and accrued research and development costs, stock-based compensation, and accounting for income taxes and related valuation allowance. Although the estimates and assumptions are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future, actual results may ultimately materially differ from the estimates and assumptions.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

There were no changes to significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to those identified in the 2023 Annual Report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07). ASU 2023-07 is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through additional disclosures about significant segment expenses, including for single reportable segment entities. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is evaluating the disclosure requirements related to the new standard. However, given the Company has one reportable segment, the policy is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09). ASU 2023-09 requires more detailed income tax disclosures. The guidance requires entities to disclose disaggregated information about their effective tax rate reconciliation as well as expanded information on income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The disclosure requirements will be applied on a prospective basis, with the option to apply them retrospectively. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the disclosure requirements related to the new standard.